Axion monodromy inflation with sinusoidal corrections

We study the axion monodromy inflation with a non-perturbatively generated sinusoidal term. The potential form is a mixture between the natural inflation and the axion monodromy inflation potentials. The sinusoidal term is subdominant in the potential, but leaves significant effects on the resultant fluctuation generated during inflation. A larger tensor-to-scalar ratio can be obtained in our model. We study two scenarios, single inflation scenario and the double inflation scenario. In the first scenario, the axion monodromy inflation with a sufficient number of e-fold generates a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio about $0.1 - 0.15$ but also a tiny running of spectral index. In the second scenario of double inflation, axion monodromy inflation is its first stage and, we assume another inflation follows. In this case, our model can realize a larger tensor-to-scalar ratio and a large negative running of spectral index simultaneously.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, version accepted for publication in PTEP: References and some comments added, and typos correcte

Axion monodromy inflation with multi-natural modulations

We study parameter space in the axion monodromy inflation corrected by dynamically generated terms involving with the axion. The potential has the linear potential with multiple sinusoidal functions, which play a role in generating modulations. We show that this potential leads both to a large tensor-to-scalar ratio $r_T \sim 0.16$ and to a large negative running of spectral index $\alpha_s \sim - (0.02 -0.03)$. To realize these results, a small hierarchy among dynamical scales is required whereas the decay constants in sinusoidal functions remain sub-Planckian in this model. We discuss also reheating process after the inflation in a bottom-up approach.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, version accepted for publication in JCAP: references and some comments added, and typos correcte

Late-onset sick sinus syndrome after carbon monoxide poisoning

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known, potent poisonous gas that causes hypoxaemia because of its high affinity for haemoglobin. It also induces inflammatory responses that cause tissue injury, particularly to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Here we present a case of late-onset sick sinus syndrome (SSS) after CO poisoning. Arrhythmia during the acute phase has been recorded in the literature, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of late-onset SSS. Late-onset neuropathy after CO poisoning is well known, and it seems that a similar mechanism develops in cardiac conduction after CO poisoning. This report highlights the importance of follow-up for arrhythmia after CO poisoning

Direct Addition of Amides to Glycals Enabled by Solvation-Insusceptible 2-Haloazolium Salt Catalysis

The direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of nucleophiles with glycals leads to biologically and pharmacologically important 2‐deoxysugar compounds. Although the direct addition of hydroxyl and sulfonamide groups have been well developed, the direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of amide groups has not been reported to date. Herein, we show the first direct 2‐deoxyglycosylation of amide groups using a newly designed Brønsted acid catalyst under mild conditions. Through mechanistic investigations, we discovered that the amide group can inhibit acid catalysts, and the inhibition has made the 2‐deoxyglycosylation reaction difficult. Diffusion‐ordered two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy analysis implied that the 2‐chloroazolium salt catalyst was less likely to form aggregates with amides in comparison to other acid catalysts. The chlorine atom and the extended π‐scaffold of the catalyst played a crucial role for this phenomenon. This relative insusceptibility to inhibition by amides is more responsible for the catalytic activity than the strength of the acidity

Topological terms of (2+1)d flag-manifold sigma models

We examine topological terms of $(2+1)$d sigma models and their consequences in the light of classifications of invertible quantum field theories utilizing bordism groups. In particular, we study the possible topological terms for the $U(N)/U(1)^N$ flag-manifold sigma model in detail. We argue that the Hopf-like term is absent, contrary to the expectation from a nontrivial homotopy group $\pi_3(U(N)/U(1)^N)=\mathbb{Z}$, and thus skyrmions cannot become anyons with arbitrary statistics. Instead, we find that there exist ${N(N-1)\over 2}-1$ types of Chern-Simons terms, some of which can turn skyrmions into fermions, and we write down explicit forms of effective Lagrangians.Comment: 29 pages; (v2) minor changes, refs update

Development of novel optically active two-canter phase-transfer catalysts for enantioselective synthesis of -amino acid

New optically active bis-quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized and applied to catalytic asymmtric alkylation of tert-butyl glycinate benzophenone Schiff base to provide a chiral a-amino acid derivative with 54% ee